Bring a large pot of water to a boil over medium-high heat. Add the bowtie pasta and cook until al dente, about 12 minutes. Drain and rinse the pasta with cold water.
In a large bowl, combine the pasta, drained sun-dried tomatoes, diced red bell pepper, sliced black olives, spinach, Parmesan cheese, and fresh basil. Gently toss until combined.
For the Dressing
In a small bowl, whisk together the olive oil, minced garlic, white vinegar, water, Italian seasoning, sugar, salt, and black pepper.
Drizzle the dressing over the pasta salad and toss until everything is fully coated. Cover and refrigerate for at least 1 hour before serving.